Wednesday, January 08, 2020

일본은 이민자를 받아 들여야 하는데, 과연 일본으로 이민갈 사람 있을까?- 당장 한국이 큰 문제다.

요즘 한국의 인구증가 절벽의 나라가 됐다고 난리법석이다. 정작 젊은이들은 한가하게 연애나  사랑을 나눌만큼 살아가는 형편이 경제적으로 향상된 여건이 안돼기 때문에 인구증가 절벽은 그속도가 더 빠르게 형성되는것으로 이해된다.

몇년전만 해도 이웃나라 일본에서 인구증가 절벽문제가 세상에 알려지기 시작할때만 해도 우리 대한민국은 이웃나라의  배부른 소리쯤으로 치부했었다.  그랬던 그들의 얘기가 지금은 우리 사회의 큰 이슈가 되여 앞날을 먹구름으로 덮고 있다.

국가에서는 대책을 세워, 천문학적인 예산을 투입한다고는 하나, 실질적으로 그효과가  사회저변에 나타나고 있다는 증거는 하나도 없다. Practical한 정책이라기보다는 전시행정과 그위에 공무원들의 배부르고 안일한 국책사업 집행에서 능동적 자세가 결여돼여 있기 때문이라고 이해된다.

한국의 도시거리에는 수많은 젊은이들이 실업자로 득실 거리고, 또 부모들의 자식 과잉 보호속에서 성장한 아이들에게, 소위 말해서 3D 직종에는 얼씬도 못하게 하는, 고루한 생각이 깊이 작용하고 있다고 보겠다.
이러한 틈새를 이용해서, 그일자리를 외국인 노동자들이 차지하여 그숫자가 백만명이 넘는다고 한다.



이렇게 젊은이들이  일자리가 없어 거리를 헤매고 있었던 적은 지난 50년 사이에 처음있는 일이다.
더큰 문제는 한국의 인구증가율은 수직강하하여 절벽이라고 표현한다. 일자리와 인구절벽관계를 보면, 현정부의 경제정책이 잘 돌아간다면, 인력난으로 기업들이 고생을 해야 할것인데....

문잰의 청와대와 민주당은 오직 3개월 앞에 있는 총선에만 온힘을 기울이고, 이총선에서  승리하기위해, 5천년 역사이래 처음있는 "선거법개정"과 헌법수호를 지키기위해 혼신의 힘을 기울이고 있는 검찰을 죽이기위해 "검찰 개혁"을 진행시키고있다. 헌법수호를 하기위해, 권력을 남용하여 갖은 부정과 주머니 챙기기에 여념이 없는 청와대와 민주당 의원들을 포함한 정치꾼들과 힘겹게 싸우고 있는 검찰은, 바로 문잰이 임명한 검찰이었다. 오죽했으면 직제상으로는 대통령과 상하관계에 있는 검찰이 자기를 임명한 대통령과 여의도 국회의원들을 대항하여 칼을 뽑아 부정척결하는  어려운일을 수행하겠는가?

이들이 제대로 된 정상적인 사람들이라면, 선거도 중요하지만, 폭망한 경제재건, 하루가 다르게 인구분포도로 봤을때, 노령국가로 전락한 조국의 앞날을 먼저 걱정하고  대책을 세웠어야 했다.  처음 일본에서 인구절벽과 고령국가로  향하고 있다는 뉴스가 타전 됐을때, 우리 한국에서는 우리와는 상관없는일쯤으로 치부했었다. 오늘 현재 인구절벽의 고통은 100년앞의 한국을 생각해 볼때 절망적인 현상인 것이다.

문잰사회주의 정부는, 이기이한 현상을 오히려 더 좋아할지 모르겠다. 폭망한 경제상황에서 일자리가 창조되기 어렵고, 젊은 인구는 줄어들어, 역설적이지만,문잰 정부에게는 일자리창조와 인구절벽의 구조가 호재로(?)되기 때문일것이다.

다행히도 정신이 올바로 박힌 정치가를 대통령으로 머지않아 맞이 한다면, 또 다른 대책이 나올수 있을수도 있겠으나 현재의 문잰정부하에서는 거의 불가능하다고 본다. 왜냐면 이정권은 끼리끼리 자기네들 성을 쌓아놓고 자기네들끼리만 그안에서 모든 이익을 취하기 때문이다. 제일 야당인 한국당을 완전 배제하고 자기네들 끼리 선거법, 공수처법을 처리하는 광경을 5천만은 뚜렷히 봤었다. 또 어제는 도적질 해먹고, 사기 선동질 하다 발각된 자기네 동지들을 보호하기위해, 도적놈, 사기꾼들을 잡는일을 하는 검찰 조직을 완전히, 독단적으로 비밀리에 검찰총장도 모르게 와해 시켰다. 

http://lifemeansgo.blogspot.com/2019/12/2019.html

https://lifemeansgo.blogspot.com/2019/02/34.html

인구 절벽의 문제를 해결하기위해 일본 정부는  이민자를 받아 들이기위한 구상까지 하고 있다고한다.
구상중인 이민법이 의회를 통과하게되면, 2종류의 입국비자를 발급하게 된다고한다.
그첫번째는 매5년마다 갱신하게 되는데, 한시적으로 거주하는 현장노동자들과 생산직 그리고, 양로원같은데서 일하는 도우미의 부족함을 충족시키기위한 목적이  있다고 한다.

 두번째 비자형식은 비자 갱신이 필요 없는것으로 고급기술직들에게 적용된다.  이두종류의 비자는 일본에서 필요로하는 모든 조건들을 충족시켜야 가능한것으로 이해된다.

일본에서는 보통 두 종류로 구분하는 사회적 풍조가 있다.  일본에서 공부하고 있는 Vietnam학생들의 고백에 의하면, 자기는 항상 Outsider로 구분되는것 같다는 느낌이라고 한다. 가족,친구, 그리고 가깝게 지내는 사람들은 내부인들로 일본말로는 "Uchi", 그리고 "Soto"는 그들과의 관계에서 그범위밖에 있는 사람들이다.

한국은 일본보다 훨씬더 외형적으로 Discrimination이 더 사회저변에  많이 깔려있는것으로 이해한다.
만약에 한국에서 이민을 받아 들인다면, 그러한 한국의 사회적 풍토를 Digest 할 이민자가 과연 있을까?
같은 동족인 탈북민들도, 현정부가 먼저 앞장서서, 갖은 핑계를 대고 다시 북한으로 되돌리는 상황인데, 한국의 앞날은 첩첩히 산중이다.  한국의 현정부는 이민정책에 대해서 상상이나 하고 있을까?

오직 문잰의 사회주의 정부는 3개월후 치러지는 총선에서 완전 의회를 장악하여, 공식적으로 사회주의국가로 가기위해 혈안이 되여있다. 그다음에 고려연방제를 공식적으로 제안해서 김정은에 바칠것으로 예상된다. 만약에 유권자 투표에서 현 야당에 뒤진다해도, 이들은 어떤 방법을 동원해서라도 결과를 뒤집어, 총선승리를 선포할것은 명약관아하다. 이자들의 암과 눈에는 인구절벽은 관심밖의 일이다.


 The series on Japan's demographic reckoning is supported by the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. None of the material in this series may be reproduced without an explicit credit to CNN and the Pulitzer Center.

Tokyo (CNN)One of the first concepts Linh Nguyen learned while studying Japanese was "uchi-soto."
It refers to the practice of categorizing people into one of two groups -- insiders or outsiders. Family, friends and close acquaintances are insiders, referred to as "uchi," while "soto" is for those relegated to the periphery.
Japan's new immigration law
A proposed amendment to the immigration law, if passed, will create two new visas for foreign workers.
The first, renewable for up to 5 years, would cover semi-qualified, blue-collar workers, and is aimed at plugging gaps in areas such as care-giving and manufacturing.
The second type, which would have no renewal limit, is aimed at attracting high-skilled workers. Both visas require proficiency in Japanese.
For this Japan-obsessed student in Vietnam, it felt like a warning: she could be about to enter a deeply closed society that would always consider her an outsider.
Ultimately, though, that was not Nguyen's experience. The 25-year-old discovered that Japan was slowly changing.
As Japan's population gets older and smaller, the government is struggling to balance its own deeply conservative views on immigration with the need for new and younger workers. Public opinion is on the side of change. Despite perceptions of xenophobia, a 2018 Pew survey revealed that 59% of Japanese believed immigrants would actually make the country stronger.
On Friday, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is expected to ask lawmakers to vote on an unprecedented policy change to welcome more foreign workers. If approved, the landmark ruling could see an estimated 340,000 high-skilled and low-wage workers move to Japan over the next five years. But many argue the lack of details surrounding the policy, undermines it.

Shrinking nation

Japan is already a "super-aged" nation -- meaning that more than 20% of its population is over 65 years old. Just 946,060 babies were born in 2017, a record low since official records began in 1899, while an increase in deaths accelerated the population decline.
    The decline means a shrinking cohort of workers is left supporting an increasingly elderly population in need of healthcare and pensions.

     But Japan isn't the only country with such a problem.
    Germany is a also a "super-aged" nation. And by 2030, the US, UK, Singapore and France are expected to have earned that status. While the EU and US veer towards populism and adopt anti-immigrant stances, in Asia nations are competing for new arrivals, potentially reversing the power balance between immigrants and host countries.
    If Abe is to prevent Japan's population from dipping below 100 million by 2060, he will need to provide migrants good reasons to choose the country, says Hisakazu Kato, an economics professor at Meiji University in Tokyo.
    A 2015 Pew survey exploring how people in Asia-Pacific see each other revealed that a median of 71% of people in the region held a favorable view of Japan, with positive views exceeding negative sentiment by more than five-to-one.
    Nguyen points to Japan's solid environmental practices and strong safety recordas appealing factors.
    But the country's historic failure to integrate previous waves of foreign workers raises questions as to why migrants would choose to come to Japan.
    Faced with labor shortages in the 1990s Japan revised its immigration rules to offer long-term, renewable visas to the descendants of Japanese immigrants who had moved to Latin American after World War II.
      But when the economy slumped in 2008, the government urged those same immigrants to return to Brazil and the other Latin American nations where they had moved from.
      "Japan treats its foreign workers like Kleenex," says Jeff Kingston, a Japanese studies professor at Temple University. "They have a use-it, toss-it mentality."

      Other options nearby

      Singapore has a very different track record. Since independence in 1965, the small South-east Asian city state has built a diverse society by taking in large numbers of immigrants from neighboring Asian countries.
      Today, foreigners make up more than one-third of Singapore's labor force, though conditions are challenging for low-skilled laborers and numerous abuses exist.
      On its website, the Singapore government states that non-resident foreigners do jobs Singaporeans don't want, and do not compete with locals for high-paying professional or managerial jobs. "They are here to help build our homes, keep our roads clean, and make our lives just a little more comfortable," the website says.
       Experts argue that Japan lags behind other industrialized countries in extolling the benefits of immigration to its domestic population. "The government needs to sell how these people contribute to pensions and economic growth," Kingston says.
      As immigration policy has failed to keep up with demand, temporary fixes have plugged the gap. Foreigners on student visas, for example, can work up to 28 hours per week -- but Japan has been accused of using students to fill labor shortages.
      Nguyen, who is studying for a masters degree, is one of thousands of young international students and foreign workers trying to make a go of it in Japan. In 2018, the number of foreign residents reached a record high of 2.5 million, although that's still only 2% of Japan's total population.
        On a bustling Tokyo side street is the office of Inbound Japan, a concierge service and cultural interpreter for foreign students struggling to navigate living and working in Japan.
         Five years ago, Inbound Japan started providing foreign students with cheap dorm rooms. Its range of services grew as people wanted help getting phone contracts, setting up bank accounts, going to hospital and finding part-time jobs.
        Yusuke Furumi, an employee there, hopes Japan can gradually become more open to the idea of working alongside foreigners, and make it easier for them to stay and contribute to the economy and society.

        Enter the outback

        In the small town of Muroto, in southeastern Japan, foreigners on the Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) have come to the rescue.
        Once a booming fishing port, today Muroto has a graying community. Vacant houses pockmark the area where the town's bars once thrived. Many of the town's public facilities such as hospitals and elementary schools have shut down.
        So when Mie Kinoshita was unable to find a mechanic to work in her car dealership in 2017, she decided to outsource her needs -- and applied to receive technical interns from the Philippines.
        The scheme has faced frequent criticism since its establishment in 1993. In theory, the TITP allows low-skilled workers to come to Japan to learn technical skills they can later take back to their home countries. But opponents of the program allege it has been used as a loophole to plug gaps in the domestic labor market. Trainees, meanwhile, have reported frequent instances of workplace abuse and bullying.
        Kinoshita was aware of the horror stories. To help create a more welcoming environment, she bought a house for her staff. And while they presently only make minimum wage, which is 762 yen ($6.70) an hour in Muroto, she hopes to increase their wages as their skills grow.
          Kinoshita's employees John Riggs Ancino and Marvin Curilan, arrived in Muroto from the Philippines two months ago. On arrival in Japan, the pair received several weeks of Japanese language and culture lessons.
          "I'd like to stay here," says Riggs Ancino, who worked in a tire repair shop back home. "It would be great if I could build a family in Japan."
          Their Japanese colleagues also appreciate the newcomers.
          "It's still hard for us to understand one another, but I've been working on my English skills," says Masahiro Maeda, a mechanic in his late 50s. "I'd like them to stay."
          Masoto Yasuda, a mechanic in his late 30s, adds: "I want to go to the Philippines now. It hadn't really crossed my mind before I met them."
           Under the current rules, technical trainees can only work in Japan for five years.
          Abe's proposals, however, would allow them to apply for an additional five years. But there's a catch. To do so they would have to apply from their home countries, denying them the right to seek permanent residency -- which requires 10 years of continuous living in Japan.
          Experts fear terms like this may run through many of Abe's new proposals, helping more blue collars workers come to Japan -- but preventing them from settling long term.

          Japan's work culture

          While Japan might be coming around to the appeal of foreigner workers, not all of the newcomers are keen on Japanese work culture.
          Samir Levi came to Japan from Nepal four years ago, after his older brother did a six-week cultural exchange in Tokyo. Levi, 26, worked a part-time job as a dishwasher in a ramen shop and the graveyard shift at a convenience store, before becoming a recruiter for a Japanese language school in the capital.
          He has absorbed the Japanese habits of gently bobbing the head in agreement and executing a well-timed farewell bow. "I blend in here now," he says. "I've become Japanese in some ways."
          But the longer Levi lives in Japan, the less he wants to stay. Now a salary man, Levi clocks long hours -- just like locals. Earlier this year, the government limited overtime to 100 hours per month, but Levi yearns for better options.
          Now he wants to move to the US or Australia.
          Nguyen, too, has integrated into Japan and has a mix of local and migrant friends. But she is wary of committing to Japan's long working hours and culture of heavy out-of-office drinking with colleagues, known as "nomikai."
          She would stay in Japan, she says, if she could bring her parents to live with her. Failing that, she might move to Australia or Canada or go back to Vietnam.
          "I haven't lost my fascination with Japan yet," Nyugen says. "But perhaps Japan may need to realize that it needs foreigners as opposed to the other way around."


          https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/06/asia/japan-immigration-bill-foreign-workers/index.html

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