Saturday, May 05, 2018

중국이 바다 가로질러 건설한 세계최장교량 개통 - 200억달러의 "탯줄":HongKong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge.


 Pearl River Delta를 사이에 둔 중국남부도시 Zhuhai항에서  홍콩항까지 자그만치 55킬로미터의 바다거리를 중국에서 Bridge를 새로 건설하여  곧 개통하게 된다는 뉴스였다. 이 다리를 이용하게되면 지금까지는 약 3시간 30분이 걸리는 거리가 단 30분 정도로 단축되고,  이지역의 관광과 경제 발전에  엄청난 영향을 미쳐, 이지역의 경제 규모가 세계 각나라의 경제 규모면에서 11대권으로 진입한다는 전문가들의 논평이 있었다.

이뉴스를 보면서 나는 이거대한 교량의 시발점인 Zhuhai항에서 대만의 Taipei까지 여행했던 기억을 떠올리지 않을수 없었다.

약 7년전 중국남부 지방과  그리고 Chengdu에서 천상열차를 타고 해발 4,000-5000미터되는 고산지대를 관통하여  Lhasa,Tibet까지 여행을 했었다. 정확히 24시간을 달렸었다.  같이 여행했던 중국계 캐네디언들 7쌍중 절반 정도가 고산병에 걸려 고생을 했었던 기억이 있다.  그들과 함께한 우리 부부는 다행히도 고산병을 피해갈수 있었다.  Tibet수도, Lhasa 호텔에서 보내고 아침에 식당에 갔을때 일행중 2부부가 안보였는데, Guide의 설명에 따르면 밤사이 고산병에 걸려, 지금 병원에서 치료중이고, 이들은 네팔에서 다시 합류한다고 했었다.

http://lifemeansgo.blogspot.ca/2011/09/9-18-cabin-tibetlhasa.html

중국본토 여행을 마치고 남부의 끝자락에 있는  Jhuhai시에서 Taiwan으로 이동하는데,  그경로는 Zhuhai에서 고속정을 타고 홍콩항으로 달려가 그곳에서 다시 Subway타고 홍콩공항에 도착하여 비행기를 탑승하고 Taipei로 가는 꽤 복잡한 여정이었었는데, 그복잡한 여행수속을  Zhuhai Seaport에서 다 하고 비행기 탑승권까지 발부해 주어  속으로 무척 놀랐었다.

왜냐면 우리가 거치는 도시들은 각각 정치체제가 다른 정부들이기 때문이었다.  Mainland에 있는 Zhuhai는 중국공산당 정부, 홍콩은 자체정부, Taiwan은 중국과 정치적으로 대치하고 있는 또 다른 민주정부인데, 즉 한국식으로 생각하면, 남한과 이북관계처럼 생각되는데, 한곳에서 다 탑승수속을 마치다니.... Taipei공항에 무사히 안착하여 그곳에서 여행을 계속했었다.

http://lifemeansgo.blogspot.ca/2011/11/108-zhuhai-hongkong-ferry-taipei.html




실질적으로 Macau항, Zhuhai항 그리고 홍콩을 이어주는 이교량은 그래서 영어로 "Umbilical Cord"라고
명칭을 붙혀준것 같다.  55키로미터의 Span (거리)을 이제는 새로 건설된 교량을 통과하여 쉽게 통행할수있게 됐는데,  이다리가 또 유명하게 된데는, 바다를  가로질러 건설된 다리로서는 세계에서 가장 긴 Bridge 기록을 세웠다는 점이다.

행정적으로 서로 다른 나라에 속해있는, Macau, Zhuhai 그리고 홍콩항을 이다리가 연결시켜 준다는 점이다.  물론 다리를 통과하는 사람들은  Passport를 휴대하지만,  이곳 북미대륙의 캐나다시민과 미국시민들은 국경통과시 간단히 여권을 보여주는 것으로 수속을 마치는것 처럼, 쉽게 왕래할수 있다.

앞서 언급했던것 처럼, 나는 Zhuhai항에서 대만의 Taipei까지 한번의 수속으로 쉽게 국경통과를 했었던 기억이 있기에, 국경을, 그것도 정부가 다른 도시들을, 쉽게 건넌다는점을 쉽게 이해할수 있다.

아래에 기사를 읽으면 더 실감나게 느낄수 있을 것이다.  따라서 남북한간에도 이렇게  여행자들이 자유롭게  통과할수 있는 획기적인 조치를 취할수 있도록, 이번 판문점 정상회담, 북미간의 정상회담에서 결실을 맺었으면 하는 바램 무척 크다.  관광을 떠나 경제적으로 Improve되는것도 기대할수있어 더욱 기대된다.

모든 사람들이 이교량의 개통을 좋아하는것만은 아닌것 같다. 정치제제가 다른 두도시가 힘센쪽 정부의 영향력속에 끌려 들어가거나, 통제를 하기위해 위력을 가할수 있다는 염려때문인것 같다. 두고 볼일이다.


(CNN)As we drive down the eerily deserted Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge, the murky waters of the Pearl River Delta stretch as far as the eye can see. There is no land in sight.
Spanning 34 miles (55 kilometers), this is the longest sea-crossing bridge ever built. Guo Xinglin, assistant director and senior engineer at the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority, meets us half way along. As we are buffeted by a strong wind, the tough conditions his construction crew experienced, as they perched on precarious platforms, working miles from land and high over the water, are evident.
Xinglin is visibly proud of his country's monumental achievement. 

Due to open to the public this summer, this long snake of bitumen will connect a relatively small city on the Chinese mainland with the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
But since the bridge was first suggested in 2003, it has stirred controversy. This massive span of concrete and steel is not just proof of China's ability to build record-setting megastructures -- it's also a potent symbol of the country's growing geopolitical ambitions.
As tensions simmer between the mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan, and China continues to claim territory in the South China Sea, the bridge can be seen as a physical manifestation of the Chinese leadership's determination to exert its regional influence. Critics have also questioned the environmental and human toll and the immense financial cost of the project.

China's Greater Bay Area





The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge is a central plank in China's master plan to develop its own Greater Bay Area -- a region it hopes will develop to rival the bay areas of San Francisco, New York and Tokyo in terms of technological innovation and economic success. The official narrative is that greater regional integration will drive economic growth.
Home to 68 million people, the Greater Bay Area covers 21,800 square miles (56,500 square kilometers) in central southern China, and encompasses 11 cities -- Hong Kong, Macau and nine cities across Guangdong province. 
Marcos Chan, head of research for commercial real estate consultancy CBRE Hong Kong, Southern China and Taiwan, says the region is already very vibrant and economically productive. "It takes up less than 1% of the land area of China and is home to less than 5% of the population but produces 12% of China's GDP." When compared to countries around the world, he says "the Greater Bay Area already has the 11th largest economy." 
The idea of a Greater Bay Area was first raised in 2009, but development has been hampered because "there are lots of barriers between the cities," Chan says. The region incorporates three borders (Hong Kong/China; Macau/China; Hong Kong/Macau), three different legal systems and three different currencies. Additionally, residents carry three different passports and identity cards, and speak two different languages (Cantonese and Mandarin).
"To compete with other bay areas in the world, the Chinese government has to remove or reduce these barriers ... and promote integration among the cities," says Chan.
That's where the bridge comes in. It will slash journey times between the three cities from three hours to 30 minutes, putting them all within an hour's commute of each other.
"At present, the economic distribution is very uneven between the Pearl River Delta's east and west coasts," says Chan adding that, "the cities on the eastern side such as Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Dongguan are more economically developed than cities on the western side including Zhuhai, Jiangmen and Zhongshan."
He says the bridge will make it easier for goods produced by factories on the west side to be exported from air and sea ports on the east side -- including Hong Kong's international airport, the busiest cargo airport in the world. 
The bridge is also intended to boost tourism. "At present, visitors to Hong Kong from mainland China tend to fly in for one or two days, mostly for shopping, and seldom travel to other areas in the Pearl River Delta," says Chan. Once the bridge is open, tourists -- both from China and other countries -- will be able to travel from Hong Kong's airport to Macau and the mainland in about 45 minutes.
The big draw in Macau -- a former Portuguese colony -- is its casinos. "It's the largest gambling city in the world, and the only city where gaming is legal in the whole Greater China region," says Chan. Zhuhai, sometimes referred to as China's Florida on account of its balmy climate and lush vegetation, is a family-friendly destination. Holiday resorts, theme parks and golf courses are currently being developed on the offshore island of Hengqin.
The bridge is not the only cross-border development underway. The Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link, which will connect Hong Kong to China's high speed rail network, and the Liantang-Heung Yuen Wai Boundary Control Point, a border crossing between Hong Kong and mainland China, are both due to open later this year.
Chan believes the region could become "possibly the most attractive tourism hub in China." But not everyone sees the benefits.

A white elephant?

"The bridge is a waste of money," says Claudia Mo, an independent lawmaker who supports greater democracy in Hong Kong. "When it comes to linking the mainland to Hong Kong, we have air, sea and land linkages already. Why do we need this extra project?"
Like other critics, Mo believes that building the bridge was a political act. In the wake of Occupy Hong Kong -- the 2014 pro-democracy protests which rocked the territory -- Beijing has tightened its grip on the city. Opponents see the bridge as a means by which to force assimilation and exert control.
https://www-m.cnn.com/2018/05/04/asia/hong-kong-zhuhai-macau-bridge/index.html

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